The significant costs of crime, both monetary and social, drive interest in the use and development of techniques to investigate and understand criminal activity. Geographic information systems, along with crime mapping software, have proved to be a powerful tool, especially in the area of environmental criminology. Environmental criminology is concerned with determining whether the physical characteristics of an area promote or prevent crime.
GIS has been used to create displays of crime in specific areas, so they could be visually analyzed for patterns and trends. It provides a platform for which relationships between layers of data can be easily queried, and inferences developed.
The possibilities for the use of GIS in crime spatial data analysis are far greater than just creating visual aids. GIS can also be a stage for modeling future possible crime in a given area. Further, the use of spatial statistical methods in analysis makes identifying statistical significant patterns of crime straightforward, and the output reliable for use by stakeholders.
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